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Thu, 08/17/2023 - 11:23
Description

The UAW-Detroit 3 2023 Negotiations

The stakes are high as a new UAW president fights for a self-described “audacious and ambitious” list of demands from Ford, General Motors and Stellantis. Automotive News will provide in-depth coverage of the talks until the final deal is ratified.

What’s on the table

The UAW and Detroit 3 are exchanging proposals over wages and benefits as the 2 sides look to reach tentative agreements on new contracts before a Sept. 14 deadline. Here’s the latest information available on what’s in those offers.
Source: Ford, GM, Stellantis, UAW, Automotive News reporting
Ford
GM
Stellantis

Ford local vote

      Production Skilled trades workers
Branch Plants/Facilities Hourly emp. Yes No Yes No Total Yes Total No Total Vote
Local 551 Chicago Assembly 4,486 1,229 1,015 191 70 1,420 1,085 2,505
Local 862 Kentucky Truck 8,711 1,557 2,079 317 165 1,874 2,244 4,118
Local 862 Louisville Assembly 3,227 722 733 148 45 870 778 1,648
Local 600 Dearborn Truck + REVC 5,793 2697 729 3426
Local 3000 Flat Rock Assembly 1,661 769 393 123 34 892 427 1,319
Local 900 Michigan Assembly Final & Paint 4,804 2,707 640 380 43 3,087 683 3,770
Local 249 Kansas City Assembly 8,917 2,439 2,060 329 133 2,768 2,193 4,961
Local 2000 Ohio Assembly 1,657 449 230 63 20 512 250 762
Local 588 Chicago Stamping 1,046 455 103 154 66 609 169 778
Local 600 Rouge Maintenance & Construction -
Local 600 Dearborn Engine & Fuel Tank 364 39 39 39
Local 600 Dearborn Diversified 717
Local 600 Dearborn Stamping 1,517
Local 600 Dearborn Tool & Die 238
Local 245 Dearborn Research & Engineering - 55 5 454 34 509 39 548
Local 182 Livonia Transmission 2,733 1,322 572 329 51 1,651 623 2,274
Local 931 Allen Park 323 121 33 38 6 159 39 198
Local 898 Rawsonville 681 397 42 94 24 491 66 557
Local 228 Sterling Axle 2,155 1,176 118 310 36 1,486 154 1,640
Local 2280 Van Dyke Electric Powertrain Center 1,210 533 164 204 86 737 250 987
Local 387 Woodhaven Forging 75 37 1 24 0 61 1 62
Local 387 Woodhaven Stamping 432 213 39 86 15 299 54 353
Local 897 Buffalo Stamping 749 288 82 183 45 471 127 598
Local 1250 Cleveland Engine 1 1,627 779 318 90 58 869 376 1,245
Local 1219 Lima Engine 1,290 487 285 78 89 565 374 939
Local 863 Sharonville Transmission 1,752
Local 400 Romeo Engine - 12 3 3 0 15 3 18
Local 400 Mich. Proving Ground - 7 2 16 3 23 5 28
Highland Park - 5 0 3 0 8 8
Local 509 Ontario HVC - 33 24 1 0 34 24 58
Local 76 Sacramento HVC/HCC 92 70 20 2 0 72 20 92
Local 186 Denver HVC 35 28 5 2 0 30 5 35
Local 376 Hartford HVC 35 21 10 1 0 22 10 32
Local 788 Lakeland HVC 44 9 20 0 1 9 21 30
Local 882 Atlanta HVC 45 23 18 23 18 41
Local 933 Indianapolis HVC 55 46 5 46 5 51
Local 249 Kansas City HVC 63 38 21 1 0 39 21 60
Local 600 Brownstown Complex 544 325 63 30 3 355 66 421
Local 600 Livonia PDC - 44 18
Local 600 Detroit HVC, Brownstown Township 98 58 24 58 24 82
Local 600 Frenchtown HVC - 127 11
Local 600 National Parts - 113 24
Local 600 SEDTC - 2 0
Local 723 River Rasin 14 7 5 7 5 12
Local 600 Warranty PRC 5 4 1 4 1 5
Local 2210 New York HVC, Cranbury 73 53 2 2 0 55 2 57
Local 3520 Greensboro HVC 34 24 6 1 0 25 6 31
Local 492 Portland HVC 24 18 1 1 0 19 1 20
Local 3036 Memphis HVC/HCC/LVLC 159
Local 870 Fort Worth HVC 58 39 2 2 0 41 2 43
Local 864 Houston HVC 40 32 9 1 0 33 9 42
Local 3519 Washington DC HVC, Winchester 51
Local 879 Twin Cities HVC, Menomonie 39 33 6 2 0 35 6 41
TOTAL 57,673 16,906 9,251 3,663 1,027 22,980 10,954 33,934
Percentage breakdown 64.63% 35.37% 78.10% 21.90% 67.72% 32.28%
* Estimate
** Includes Production and Skilled Trades, but no breakdown available

GM local vote

      Production Skilled trades workers
Branch Plants/Facilities Hourly Emp. Yes No Yes No Total Yes Total No Total Vote
Local 276 Arlington 5,000 1873 1227 178 96 2,051 1,323 3,374
Local 2164 Bowling Green 415 426 23 53 438 479 917
Local 22 Detroit-Hamtramck (Factory Zero) 526 439 53 26 579 465 1,044
Local 31 Fairfax 674 668 110 51 784 719 1,503
Local 598 Flint 1518 1702 133 72 1,651 1,774 3,425
Local 2209 Ft. Wayne 1147 1922 152 87 1,299 2,009 3,308
Local 602 Lansing Delta Township Assembly 2,300 540 910 81 53 621 963 1,584
Local 652 Lansing Regional Stamping, GR Stamping, Assembly 283 503 118 44 401 547 948
Local 1112 Ultium Cells Ohio 1185 31 80 19 1,265 50 1,315
Local 5960 Orion 381 327 25 16 406 343 749
Local 1853 Spring Hill 3,900 623 1397 129 165 752 1,562 2,314
Local 2250 Wentzville 3,600 1274 1515 147 122 1,421 1,637 3,058
Local 163 Romulus 332 351 59 62 391 413 804
Local 160 Warren Tech Center 95 56 578 237 673 293 966
Local 668 Saginaw Metal Casting 87 97 41 11 128 108 236
Local 14 Toledo Propulsion Systems 410 528 64 87 474 615 1,089
Local 774 Tonawanda Engine 214 297 61 72 275 369 644
Local 977 Marion Metal Center 110 191 108 66 218 257 475
Local 1005 Parma Metal Center 152 317 102 112 254 429 683
Local 362 Bay City 95 51 47 24 142 75 217
Local 211 Defiance 117 168 54 51 171 219 390
Local 653 Pontiac Metal Center 53 142 116 70 169 212 381
Local 167 GMCH Grand Rapids 466 18 89 17 555 35 590
Local 292 GMCH Kokomo 29 13 20 2 49 15 64
Local 686 GMCH Lockport 894 61 106 54 1,000 115 1,115
Local 1097 GMCH Rochester 402 24 42 23 444 47 491
Local 174 Brownstown 195 3 0 0 195 3 198
Local 440 Bedford Casting 101 133 93 29 194 162 356
Local 651 Davison Road Processing Center 1,150 537 271 9 5 546 276 822
Local 1590 Martinsburg Parts Distribution Center 100 69 6 2 0 71 6 77
Local 2177 Philadelphia Parts Distribution Center 75 51 26 1 1 52 27 79
Local 659 Flint Processing Center 400 201 85 25 3 226 88 314
Local 659 Flint Metal Center 143 48 58 21 201 69 270
Local 659 Flint Engine 138 150 38 17 176 167 343
Local 659 Flint Tool & Die 4 0 95 53 99 53 152
Local 2162 Reno Parts Distribution Center 50 46 4 3 0 49 4 53
Local 2404 Charlotte Parts Distribution Center 100 70 24 0 0 70 24 94
Local 2402 Jackson Parts Distribution Center 75 50 17 2 0 52 17 69
Local 653 Pontiac Redistribution Center 170 54 4 2 174 56 230
Local 6645 Rancho Cucamonga Parts Distribution Center 75 47 15 4 0 51 15 66
Local 2406 Memphis ACDelco Parts Distribution Center / Bulk Center 175 111 16 0 0 111 16 127
Local 722 Hudson Parts Distribution Center 75 67 3 1 2 68 5 73
Local 174 Willow Run Redistribution Center #58 175 78 34 1 0 79 34 113
Local 174 Ypsilanti #87 Processing Center 175 70 29 1 0 71 29 100
Local 1753 Lansing Redistribution Center 200 91 46 9 2 100 48 148
Local 2114 Chicago Parts Distribution Center 100 61 17 0 2 61 19 80
Local 674 Cincinnati Parts Distribution Center 100 64 30 2 1 66 31 97
Local 431 Denver Parts Distribution Center 50 36 3 1 0 37 3 40
Local 816 Fort Worth Parts Distribution Center 100 80 10 2 0 82 10 92
Local 653 Milford Proving Ground 56 24 38 15 94 39 133
TOTAL 17,975 16,431 14,429 3,105 1,845 19,536 16,274 35,810
Percentage breakdown 53.24% 46.76% 62.73% 37.27% 54.55% 45.45%
* Estimate
** Includes Production and Skilled Trades, but no breakdown available

Stellantis local vote

      Production Skilled trades workers
Branch Plants/Facilities Hourly Emp. Yes No Yes No Total Yes Total No Total Vote
Local 7 Jefferson North Assembly 1,593 706 215 45 1,808 751 2,559
Local 12 Toledo Jeep / Toledo Transport 1,410 2,090 315 9 1,725 2,099 3,824
Local 51 Detroit Assembly Complex Mack 2,295 621 176 64 2,471 685 3,156
Local 75 Milwaukee Parts Depot 38 35 5 4 43 39 82
Local 125 Minneapolis Parts Depot 38 6 2 0 40 6 46
Local 140 Warren Truck 1,663 313 190 22 1,853 335 2,188
Local 186 Denver Parts Depot 21 13 21 13 34
Local 212 Conner Ave
Local 212 Transport 157 47 34 3 191 50 241
Local 212 Mt. Elliott Tool & Die 6 0 6 6
Local 212 Pilot 39 5 7 3 46 8 54
Local 230 Los Angeles Parts 60 36 2 0 62 36 98
Local 372 Trenton Engine Plant 264 96 107 18 371 114 485
Local 375 Marysville Parts Depot 86 118 9 7 95 125 220
Local 412 Units 1. 2, 7, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 32, 51, 53, 57 & 58 27 14 67 3 94 17 111
Local 422 Boston Parts 14 30 14 30 44
Local 492 Portland Parts Depot 20 17 1 0 21 17 38
Local 509 Arizona Proving Grounds & Fontana Parts 8 6 8 6 14
Local 573 Cleveland Parts Depot 78 16 2 0 80 16 96
Local 685 KTP, KEP, ITP & TTP 1,510 881 613 179 2,123 1,060 3,183
Local 723 Dundee Engine Plant 242 141 115 9 357 150 507
Local 868 Atlanta Parts Depot
Local 869 Warren Stamping 426 81 220 31 646 112 758
Local 946 Winchester Parts Depot 40 16 1 0 41 16 57
Local 1166 Kokomo Casting Plant 339 118 217 61 556 179 735
Local 1178 Chicago Parts Depot 73 14 73 14 87
Local 1248 Centerline, Warren & Sherwood Parts 595 127 48 10 643 137 780
Local 1264 Sterling Stamping Plant 540 151 238 66 778 217 995
Local 1268 Belvidere Assembly Plant 373 86 105 15 478 101 579
Local 1284 Chelsea Proving Grounds 52 15 7 3 59 18 77
Local 1302
Local 1435 Toledo Machining Plant 149 93 71 18 220 111 331
Local 1649 Orlando Parts Depot 42 20 42 20 62
Local 1700 Sterling Heights Assembly Plant 2,593 1,652 279 170 321 1,822 2,143
Local 1761
Local 2360 Dallas Parts Depot 77 7 77 7 84
Local 3039 New York Parts / Caravan Knights 56 7 1 0 57 7 64
TOTAL 14,918 7,578 3,053 740 17,971 8,318 26,289
Percentage breakdown 66.31% 33.69% 80.49% 19.51% 68.36% 31.64%
* Estimate
** Includes Production and Skilled Trades, but no breakdown available
We’re here to come together to ready ourselves for the war against the one and only true enemy: multibillion dollar corporations and employers who refuse to give our members their fair share. It’s a new day in the UAW.
UAW President Shawn Fain in his inaugural speech to members last March.

Key Issues

Here’s what the UAW is fighting for in Detroit 3 contract talks

Tiered Wages

The UAW in 2007 agreed to implement a two-tier wage system as a means of saving the automakers money by creating a lower pay scale for new hires without reducing legacy workers’ paychecks. Today, the earnings gap between an entry-level employee and a top earner is roughly $14 per hour.
In 2015, the union and Detroit 3 negotiated an eight-year grow-in period for new full-time workers to reach top wages. It was hailed at the time as a way to eventually end the tier system.
In 2019, further progress was made, as the union got the path to four years for workers hired before that point to reach top wages.
Now, the union wants to put everyone on the same scale again.
Prior to the two-tier system, it took workers three years to reach top pay. In the 1960s and 1970s, it took just 90 days
By the end of the current deal that expires Sept. 14, 2023, Stellantis says 87 percent of its full-time workforce will be making top wages. Ford says 80 percent of its workforce will be at top wages, while GM’s figure is believed to be above 70 percent.

COLA

The UAW is insistent on winning back cost-of-living adjustments, a benefit that was first bargained for at GM in 1948, and elsewhere in the 1970s but eliminated in 2009.
The union argues that COLA is a guard against inflation, which spiked the past few years, while the automakers believe it’s an unnecessary structural cost that won’t be as relevant as inflation levels moderate.
Since COLA was eliminated, UAW workers have received more generous profit sharing payments, which are flexible and provide more to workers when the companies are financially stable. In 2022, workers earned a record $12,750 at GM, a record $14,760 at Stellantis and a near-record $9,176 at Ford.
In addition, workers at all three companies have received $1,500 in bonuses each year under the current contract; Ford’s deal refers to them as “inflation bonuses.” The companies have argued that under the current profit sharing and bonus structure, workers have made more than they would have from COLA.
The union, meanwhile, argues the companies can afford to add the benefit on top of the other payouts. Prior to its elimination, workers received COLA as well as profit sharing, although the formula for the latter was less generous than it is today. And when COLA was eliminated, the companies were unprofitable, so workers did not receive any profit sharing.

Temporary Workers

The union is looking to end what it calls an “abuse” of temporary (or supplemental) workers, whom automakers use to cut costs and safeguard against absenteeism by full-time workers or to help during busy product launches.
UAW-represented temps make less than full-timers, starting at about $16 per hour instead of $18, and they receive lesser health care benefits. Still, they’re eligible for some bonuses, as well as overtime and premiums for working weekends and holidays.
In 2019, the union made some gains: At Ford, temporary workers cannot exceed 8 percent of their total workforce, or more than 10 percent at any individual plant. At Stellantis and GM, no such cap exists, but the union must approve any use of temporary workers. According to the contracts, Ford and GM must convert temporary workers to full-time status after two years, although no such timeline exists at Stellantis.
Ford says temporary workers make up 3 percent of its workforce. Temp levels at Stellantis are at roughly 12 percent, while GM ranges from 5 percent to 10 percent. GM has converted about 6,000 temps since the 2019 contract, while Stellantis has converted about 5,100. Ford has converted more than 14,100.
The union is calling for all current temporary workers to be immediately converted to full-time status as part of this year’s negotiations, as well as for pay raises and limitations to how much they can work.
The day that our employees are considered my enemy is the day I’ll retire. The head of the UAW may consider us his enemy, but I’ll never consider our employees our enemy.
Bill Ford, executive chair, Ford Motor Co.

Key Players

The lead negotiators at the bargaining table
UAW

Chuck Browning

UAW-Ford VP
One of the few incumbent leaders to win re-election, Browning has served as the vice president of the UAW-Ford department since July 2021. Prior to that, he served three years as a regional director. He also spent a number of years as an administrative assistant to the president. Browning has some notable bargaining experience: He led the UAW’s negotiations with John Deere in 2021 and Caterpillar and Case New Holland earlier this year. Those contracts resulted in significant wage gains and benefits. In the case of John Deere, Browning negotiated the addition of a cost-of-living adjustment, something the union wants from the Detroit 3.
Ford

Kevin Legel

VP Labor Affairs
Legel, a veteran of Ford’s labor department, took over as the company’s vice president of labor affairs in December, taking over for the retiring Bill Dirksen. Prior to his current role, he was director of U.S. Labor Affairs, responsible for managing relationships with the union. He joined Ford in 1993.
UAW

Mike Booth

UAW-GM VP
Booth is among the slate of reformers who won election to the union’s International Executive Board earlier this year. Before being named as vice president, Booth was president of Local 961, which represents workers at GM’s Marysville Axle plant. A Michigan native, Booth joined the union in 1991.
GM

Gerald Johnson

VP, Global Manufacturing
Johnson was GM’s lead negotiator on its most recent contract in 2019, rising to his current role a few months before negotiations began that year. He leads GM’s global manufacturing operations, manufacturing engineering and labor relations organizations. He was previously vice president of North American manufacturing and labor relations.
UAW

Rich Boyer

UAW-Stellantis VP
Boyer was among the slate of reformers who won election earlier this year. He most recently served as a Skilled Trades Committeeperson at UAW Local 140, which represents workers at Stellantis’ Warren Truck Assembly Plant. He was previously president of UAW Local 961, which represented workers at the Detroit Axle Plant, from 1998 until the plant closed in 2010. An Army veteran, Boyer also leads the union’s Competitive Shop/Independents and Parts and Suppliers departments.
Stellantis

Chris Fields

VP, U.S. Employee Relations
Employee Relations: Fields was named to his current position in 2020, replacing the retiring Glenn Shagena. He oversees Manufacturing and Parts Distribution Centers Employee Relations; Labor Economics & Benefit Finance; Wage & Salary Administration; and Center for Employee Development. He also has labor experience at his prior job with BP, PLC in Houston, where he managed labor and employee relations.
UAW

Shawn Fain

UAW President
Elected as the union’s 15th president in March, Fain could be the biggest wildcard in this round of negotiations. A former member of the union’s international staff from the Stellantis department, Fain ran for office to put the union “back in the fight” for workers’ rights and stop what he deemed a string of concessionary contracts that have been passed since the Great Recession. He has some negotiating experience, being part of bargaining teams in 2009 and 2011, but was a relative unknown before his election and has never held such a position of power. Already, he has indicated a willingness to buck tradition and has ramped up rhetoric.
Workers across the U.S. economy have seen substantial compensation increases over the past several years, while UAW-represented workers have been paid according to a contract that was ratified before the pandemic. We expect the UAW’s new leadership will want to prove itself to the rank-and-file membership by trying to squeeze everything it can from the automakers.
Steve Brown, senior director at Fitch Ratings

Profit-sharing payouts

Here’s how much UAW members earned in profit-sharing bonuses during the current contract:
Hover over or touch chart for a detailed view.
*record
Note: 2022’s number was paid out in 2023, 2021’s number was paid out in 2022, etc
Source: Automakers

UAW membership

Hover over or touch chart for a detailed view.
Source: BLS. UAW LM2 reports

Total hourly workforce

Ford
 
57,000
GM
 
46,000
Stellantis
 
43,000
Source: Automakers

Hourly labor costs

GM
 
$67
Ford
 
$64
Stellantis
 
$63
Transplants
 
$55
Tesla
 
$45-$50*
*estimated
Source: Automakers, Automotive News research

Average full-time worker compensation

(wages and benefits)
Ford
 
$112,000
GM
 
$134,000
Stellantis
 
$126,000
Source: Automotive News research

By the numbers

During the past 24 years, the Detroit 3's collective market share has declined while labor costs have risen. Meanwhile, top hourly wages for UAW-represented workers have increased only slightly. The table below shows data for years when UAW contracts were negotiated.
    Detroit 3 combined market share Estimated hourly labor costs Top hourly wage
1999
 
68% $45 $26
2003
 
60% $55 $28
2005
 
57% $67 $28
2007
 
51% $78 $28
2009
 
44% $56 $28
2011
 
47% $55 $28
2015
 
45% $55 $30
2019
 
44% $62 $32
2023*
 
40% $66 Unknown
*Through 6 months
Source: Automotive News Research & Data Center, Center for Automotive Research, Kristin Dziczek

Timeline

A look at UAW-Detroit 3 negotiations and the looming union strike threat
Source: Autonews