SHANGHAI -- General Motors is overhauling its Chinese lineup with a greater emphasis on electric vehicles and smart-driving technology to stem a slide in sales after more than two decades of growth in a country that contributes nearly a fifth of its profit.
More than 40 percent of its new vehicle launches in the country over the next five years are set to be electrified, the U.S. carmaker said on Wednesday.
GM's electric vehicles, many of which will be all-electric battery cars, will be manufactured in China with almost all parts coming from local suppliers, the company said in a statement released at its Tech Day event in Shanghai.
GM did not say in the statement how many new or significantly redesigned models it was planning to launch in China over the next five years.
"China will play a crucial role in making our vision a reality," GM CEO Mary Barra said in the statement, referring to its initiative to create what it describes as a future of "zero crashes, zero emissions and zero congestion" through electrification and smart-driving technologies.
GM's new China boss Julian Blissett told Reuters it would renew its focus on luxury Cadillacs, roll out bigger but greener utility vehicles and target entry-level buyers with low-cost micro electric vehicles.
He said new technologies such as EVs and cars with near hands-free driving for highways would play a key role in GM's China initiatives, which are part of a push to regain momentum lost in the face of intense competition and shifting tastes.
Blissett, who replaced China veteran Matt Tsien this year, spoke to Reuters ahead of the company's Tech Day.
"This market is rapidly electrifying. Cadillac is on a path to very heavy electrification. Buick is also going to heavily electrify," said Blissett, adding that GM's Chinese brands Baojun and Wuling would also go down the electric route.
"The market is changing dramatically. So the concept of standing still in China doesn't work."
GM sells Chevrolets, Buicks and Cadillacs in China as well as local brands, Wuling and Baojun, and has been one of the foreign success stories in the world's biggest auto market, along with Germany's Volkswagen.
But GM sales have taken a hit, falling to 3.1 million vehicles in 2019 from a record 4 million in 2017.
A slowdown in China's economy and the resulting weakness in the new-car market have been a big factor behind GM's sales slump, but analysts say competition has become fierce, too.
Toyota, Volkswagen and Honda have been eating into GM's business while Chinese automakers such as Geely and Great Wall are making better-quality vehicles that can compete more effectively with the global giants.
GM is also facing competition from Tesla while Lynk & Co. and Polestar, brands affiliated with Volvo, have rolled out sleek, eye-catching designs that Chinese consumers crave.
Back to 4 million
In 2017, GM China had a 14.3 percent share of overall sales of 28.2 million vehicles. By 2019, that had fallen to a share of 12.2 percent out of 25.4 million cars.
Blissett said the key objective of its strategy was to get back to sales of 4 million vehicles a year as soon as possible.
"Our business is a high engineering cost, high capital cost business, so, without scale, it's quite difficult to make money. We do need to return to that," he told Reuters.
He said he could not give a precise timeframe for when GM would hit its goal because of the uncertainty about how fast economies around the world recover from the coronavirus fallout.
Some GM officials have admitted privately that its brands, especially Chevrolet, have been slow to introduce more utility vehicles in China as they became increasingly popular.
However, both Buick and Chevrolet now have four utility vehicles each and Cadillac has three, Blissett said.
Analysts have also said the promotion of its top-end Cadillac brand came at the expense of Buick and Chevy sales, and that it failed to match rivals with their sleeker designs.
Blissett said GM would sell bigger utility vehicles, many of them electric, for its Chevy, Buick and Cadillac brands, though traditional gasoline-powered utility vehicles still offered GM "huge opportunities" to boost sales in China.
GM also wants to transform Wuling into a brand more focused on micro, electric "people-mover" vans, he said.
Electric revolution
"In the next five years, more than 50 percent of our capital and engineering deployment will go towards electrification and autonomous-drive technology. That should give you an indication where GM is betting on its future," GM's Blissett said.
"Chinese consumers are very embracing of technology, be that technology on the phone, be that e-commerce, be that intelligent driving technology, be that electrification. Although Europe and the U.S. have fairly significant plans on a governmental and market point of view, the electrification of cars is going to happen much faster here in China," he said.
"We intend to be right in the heart of that market. So, we will heavily play in the EV space. And that's the reason why we are investing as we are."
GM's Wuling and Baojun brands have borne the brunt of falling sales over the past two years as lower-income consumers bought fewer cars in the face of slower growth and as competition from Chinese rivals at the entry level intensified.
There are signs of life at Wuling, with sales up 9.7 percent in the second quarter of 2020.
GM hopes its new Wuling MINI EV launched this year, a micro two-door car, and a series of similar cars in the pipeline, will help it win back share. Before EV subsidies, the MINI EV can cost as little as 28,800 yuan ($4,150) for a basic model.
'Winners and losers'
To be sure, GM has made blunders, such as equipping some compact cars with unpopular three-cylinder engines. That hit GM sales significantly and it had to resurrect a four-cylinder gasoline engine for some models.
Still, analysts said much of the body blow GM's brands took in China has come from local brands that have significantly improved the quality of their cars and as Japanese and German rivals boosted sales despite a weaker overall market.
Beijing's emphasis on greener vehicles has also significantly pushed up the costs associated with the designing and manufacturing of cars, which have combined to trigger a shake-up of China's auto industry.
Already, small Chinese brands such as Lifan have gone out of business while French automaker PSA has scaled back its operations significantly.
"There is a revolution going on in the industry," said Blissett. "There are also winners and losers in the global brands. The trend is actually for the local brands to lose share if you look at the total trend. Luxury is a gain in share."
Analysts expect the consolidation in the auto industry to continue unabated in the coming years, with more failures, and also more mergers and acquisitions.
China auto industry expert Michael Dunne said if GM failed to manage its numerous brands in China properly, one might end up becoming a casualty.
"The introduction of Cadillac has had the effect of knocking Buick down a notch in the eyes of Chinese consumers," he said. "Buick is tilting more towards where Chevy plays, and as a result the two brands are crowding each other and are now throwing weaker punches."
